Eduard Freiherr[1] von Böhm-Ermolli (12 February 1856 – 9 December 1941) was an Austrian general during World War I who rose to the rank of field marshal in the Austro-Hungarian Army.

Eduard Böhm was born in the Italian city of Ancona where his father served with a small representative detachment of the Austrian army.

His father, Georg Böhm (1813–1893), had as a sergeant won a battlefield commission for bravery after the battle of Novara in 1849, been promoted to the rank of major upon his retirement in 1877.

In June 1885, he received permission to attach his wife's (Maria Josepha Ermolli) maiden name to his family name.

At the start of World War I, Böhm-Ermolli was given command of the Austrian 2nd Army, which was intended for action on the Serbian front.