It lies toward the southwestern limb of the Moon, and so appears oblong when viewed from the Earth due to foreshortening.

Over 200 kilometers to the east of Eichstadt are the craters Darwin and Lamarck, and to the south is Krasnov.

In the central part of the interior floor is a cluster of low, rugged ridges.

The crater is named after German mathematician and astronomer Lorentz Eichstadt.

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Eichstadt.