Elías Piña (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈli.as ˈpiɲa]) is one of the 32 provinces of the Dominican Republic, located in the westernmost part of the country, along the border with Haiti.

The main settlement founded during the early colonial era was Bánica, at the eastern end of the Ocean, an area of extensive savannas.

In the 18th century, the Spanish government moved the city to its present place, away from the river, and brought families from the Canary Islands to live there.

The towns of Comendador and Hondo Valle originated from border military posts established after national independence.

All the rest of the current province was practically depopulated until after the Restoration War when families from other parts of the country began to arrive.

The town of Bánica was the first place where Dominican President Rafael Trujillo implemented his campaign against the Haitians, later known as the Parsley Massacre.

Within the plans of "Dominicanization of the border" of the dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, the province of Elias Pina was officially created in 1942.

The highest mountain is the La Tasajera del Chivito, with 2179 m, on the northern slope of the Sierra de Neiba.