[4] Females in several lineages, including Lycidae, Lampyridae, Phengogidae and Rhagophthalmidae, do not pupate and remain in a larval form.

[6] Some Elateroidea, including species of Cantharidae[7] and Lycidae,[8] have bright aposematic colours to signal to predators that they are poisonous and so should not be eaten.

The family Rhinorhipidae has recently been removed to its own superfamily, with evidence that it is a basal taxon within Elateriformia dating to an Upper Triassic/Lower Jurassic split from other extant beetle lineages.

[9] Some morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses find that Byrrhoidea is either a monophyletic or paraphyletic group closely related to Elateroidea.

[11] Based on Kusy et al. 2018[12] and 2020[4] Artematopodidae Omethidae Throscidae Eucnemidae Lycidae Cantharidae Elateridae Sinopyrophoridae Lampyridae Phengodidae Rhagophthalmidae