A particular political party or candidate may refuse to run in the election and urges its supporters to boycott the vote.
These include the Naxalites in India, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation in Mexico and various Anarchist oriented movements.
[8][9][10] In India poor people's movements in Singur, Nandigram and Lalgarh have rejected parliamentary politics (as well as the NGO and Maoist alternatives).
[12] Gregory Weeks noted that some authoritarian regimes in Latin America were prolonged due to the boycott of the opposition.
[13] Gail Buttorff and Douglas Dion explain that boycotts by the opposition under authoritarianism have led to different outcomes, sometimes predicting regime change and sometimes to make stronger the current government.