RDFa with the vCard Ontology can be used in HTML and various XML-family languages, e.g. SVG, MathML.
RFC 7095 describes a lossless method of representing vCard instances in JSON, using arrays of sequence-dependent tag–value pairs.
jCard has been incorporated into several other protocols, including RDAP, the Protocol to Access White Space Databases (PAWS, described in RFC 7545), and SIP, which (via RFC 8688) uses it to provide contact information for the operator of an intermediary which has rejected a call.
MeCard is a variation of vCard made by NTT DoCoMo for smartphones using QR codes.
It uses a very similar syntax, but in a more consolidated way as the storage space on QR codes is limited.
It's also limited in the amount of data that can be stored, not just by the standard but the size of QR codes.