Electronic control unit

[3] Managing the increasing complexity and number of ECUs in a vehicle has become a key challenge for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).

[1] Recently the trend is to dedicate a significant amount of time and effort to develop safe modules by following standards like ISO 26262.

The development of most ECUs is carried out by Tier 1 suppliers based on specifications provided by the OEM[citation needed].

On-board diagnostics or OBD help provide specific data related to which system or component failed or caused a failure during run time and help perform repairs.

However modern ECUs come equipped with protection locks to prevent users from modifying the circuit or exchange chips.