Its northeastern end is in Township D, Franklin County.

[2] The Appalachian Trail, a 2,170 mi (3,490 km) National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine, runs along the base of Elephant Mountain, 700 ft (210 m) below the summit.

Elephant Mountain stands in the watershed of the Androscoggin River, which drains into Merrymeeting Bay, the estuary of the Kennebec River, and then into the Gulf of Maine.

The northwest side of the mountain drains into Metallak Brook, then into Upper and Lower Richardson lakes, the Rapid River, and Umbagog Lake, the source of the Androscoggin.

The southeast side of the mountain drains into Mountain Brook, then into Berdeen Stream, and the Swift River, another tributary of the Androscoggin.