He was the son of bishop Georg Claes Schröder and Margareta Elisabeth Elis.
Elis Schröderheim was a personal friend of Gustav III from 1768, and his career was favored by the latter after he became monarch in 1771.
His name was associated with the corruption regarding clerical offices during the reign of Gustav III, as neither him nor the monarch were religious, they did not find it immoral to sell clerical offices, but in 1786, the King was forced by the clergy to give up the plans of making him bishop.
As a representative of the peasant party during the Riksdag or Assembly of the Estates of 1778 and 1786, he benefited the interests of the monarch.
The riksdag of 1786, however, was a failure, and after, his position as favorite was somewhat replaced by Carl Gustaf Nordin.