[1] She was the sister of King Rudolph I of Bohemia, King Frederick the Fair, Leopold I, Duke of Austria, Albert II, Duke of Austria, Otto, Duke of Austria, Agnes, Queen of Hungary and Anna, Margravine of Brandenburg.

On May 25, 1300, Elisabeth's eldest brother Rudolph I of Bohemia married Blanche of France, a daughter of Philip III.

Elisabeth was instead married to Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine.

Elisabeth died in Nancy, capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, on 19 May 1353 and was buried in the cemetery of the Poor Clare monastery in Königsfelden in the County of Tyrol.

Elisabeth and Frederick were married for twenty two years, in that time the couple had six children: Many of the couple's children died during childhood, only Rudolph and Margaret lived to adulthood.