Ellychnia corrusca

The adults spend winter on a colony tree, favoring Quercus (oak), Carya (hickory), and Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip poplar).

In the maple syrup business, these beetles are commonly found in the buckets of sap from tapped trees.

The head shield, or pronotum, has a black, rounded central mark bordered by yellow and pink on both sides.

The wing covers, or elytra, are dark and have fine hairs that can seem greenish or golden in certain light conditions.

[2] Ellychnia corrusca is common throughout the United States, Mexico, and Canada east of the Rocky Mountains.

[1] Ellychnia corrusca can be found in a variety of habitats, most commonly in maturing hardwood forests, yards, and open parks with large trees.

In the north, the larvae eat and grow within decaying wood for the next 16 months, pupating in the late summer of their second year.

In the south, E. corrusca completes its life cycle in one year, with the larvae pupating after a single summer and fall, becoming adults in late winter.

[5] In northern areas (around the 40th parallel north and above), adults emerge in the fall and overwinter on the bark of certain colony trees, becoming active as temperatures warm in early spring.

[6] In southern areas, adults emerge in late winter, February and March, and begin crawling up tree trunks, mating in early spring.

[5] Ellychnia corrusca displays high levels of overwintering with a low winter mortality rate.

[7] Some adults were seen on their backs during periods of extreme cold weather, and there were detached wing covers found at the base of overwintering trees.

[11] Gas chromatography data shows an abundance of CHC peaks in another diurnal firefly called Lucidota atra.

[12] Following an hour of copulation, the sperm bundles are released into the female spermatheca and the remaining spermatophore moves to the spermatophore-digesting gland.

[12] 3 hours after copulation, 53% of transferred radiolabel was found in the spermatophore-digesting gland (SDG) and 23% in female somatic tissue.

[13] The specific spider species that prey upon larvae are Phidippus johnsoni and  Acanthepeira stellate.

[14] E. corrusca overwinters and reproduces in the spring which therefore reduces its overlap with Photuris who are active during the summer.

In an experiment done with E. corrusca and a Mealworm beetle control, the Photuris are drawn to the LGBs emitted by E.

In the beginning trials, the jumping spiders equally attacked the fireflies with flashing and unlit LEDs.

[16]In a study done in 2016-2017, samples of E. corrusca were collected from forests in Vernon, Bolton, and Andover, CT, USA.

[16]E. corrusca adults were organized into community types, which are defined as genera of bacteria with abundances greater than 30% in study samples.

[16] When compared with other firefly species, such as Photuris, Mesoplasma (amplicon sequence variant) ASVs, Salmonella, Serratia, Rickettsia, and Rickettsiella were more common in E.

[16] Wolbachia is a bacteria that was low in E. corrusca but had higher levels in the eggs compared to the adults.

[16] By constructing a phylogenetic tree, the mollicute sequences from the same study are closely related to bacteria strains that have been isolated before.

E. corrusca inhabits soil, tree bark, and leaves, which is also where Pseudomonas ASVs were found.

[18] Lucibufagins are steroid-related molecules that are synthesized from cholesterol, which could provide nutrients for spiroplasmas and mycoplasmas.

Maple sap collection buckets in Prince Edward Island were investigated to see the insects inside of them.

[4] The insects in the sap buckets is a significant amount, which could have considerable ecological and economic effects.

Winter fireflies mating, showcasing male E. corrusca's provision of spermatophores, which provide nutrients for somatic maintenance and reproduction
Fireflies flicker their lights, which initially attract predators like jumping spiders, but repeated encounters lead spiders to learn that fireflies are unpalatable and prompt them to drop the insects.
E. corrusca , found abundantly in maple sap collection buckets, poses a significant pest threat to the lucrative maple syrup industry.