Elwyn Riley Shaw (October 19, 1888 – July 18, 1950) was an Illinois lawyer and judge who served as a justice of the Illinois Supreme Court (1933–1942), United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (1944–1950) and briefly as a member of National Railway Labor Panel in 1943.

Born in Lyndon, Whiteside County, Illinois, Shaw received education locally in the public schools, then traveled to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan Law School in 1910, and immediately entered private practice in Illinois.

[1] Following President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's landslide victory during the Great Depression, Shaw won election as a justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois.

[2] On March 7, 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Saw to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois vacated by the death of Judge Charles Edgar Woodward in 1942.

The United States Senate confirmed on May 3, 1944, and Shaw received his commission on May 9, 1944.