Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau (French pronunciation: [ɛlzeaʁ alɛksɑ̃dʁ taʃʁo]; February 17, 1820 – April 12, 1898) was a Canadian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

His father was a judge of the Court of King's Bench of Quebec, and his mother was the daughter of Jean-Antoine Panet, the first Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.

Taschereau studied at the Seminary of Quebec from 1828 to 1836, and then traveled for a year to Great Britain, the Low Countries, France, and Italy.

[2] As a young priest, Taschereau was involved in providing care to the Irish immigrants to Quebec fleeing the Great Famine.

At the urging of the Canadian government and many of the faithful, in 1886 Pope Leo XIII made Taschereau Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, the first from Canada.