From 1875 he studied philology and history at the University of Vienna, receiving his doctorate in 1880.
In 1887 he took a study trip to Greece and Asia Minor, and during the same year, obtained his habilitation for ancient history at the university.
In 1893 he became an associate professor, and shortly afterwards, conducted epigraphic research in Asia Minor with Eduard Hula.
[1][2] With Carl Grünberg, Ludo Moritz Hartmann and Stephan Bauer, he was an editor of the Zeitschrift für Social- und Wirthschaftsgeschichte ("Journal of Social and Economic History").
[3] He also edited numerous articles in the Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft.