He was assisted by a majlis, an advisory council of wise personalities, ulamas and khalifas representing the provinces and presided over by a qāḍī al-quḍāt or chief justice.

The Emir used the military to enforce order and security and to stop the chaos that spread after the fall of Turkish rule in Algeria.

Every three months a soldier was given a shirt and a pair of shoes, yellow leather including a burnous (long cloak made from wool).

As food, each soldier received two kesra loaves (Algerian bread) and a kilogram of flour and semolina to cook couscous twice a week.

Each badge of embroidered sword on attached on each shoulder of the following soldiers including silver rings on their left hand.

The Emir endeavoured to build an arsenal of ammunition and weapons, both in Mascara and Takdempt with the assistance of foreign experts from Spain, France, and Italy.

The Emir also established factories to produce ammunition and weapons in the best fully fortified strategic locations like the city of Miliana.

Abdelkader divided his emirate into administrative provinces to facilitate management and ease the burden on the central government.

A hand drawn on the white center was surrounded by golden words "victory from Allah and the reconquest is near, and the victory by Emir Abdelkader" The emblem of the state was a hexagram, with writings around its circumference: Allah, Mohammed, Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman and Ali.

To copy one manuscript would take several months and this was a long time for the Emir because of the war with the French colonisers.

During the fall of the emirate, its manuscripts were looted by the French and brought to the Château de Chantilly, although some were lost.

The first full catalogue of the 39 surviving manuscripts was published in 2022; the authors observe that the texts have historical value and have never been completely analyzed.

The Emir separated the civil and military judiciary, then appointed for each department a special judge to decide the issues and cases.

The Emir linked all the judges in the regions to review their cases with the Qāḍī al-Quḍāt Ahmed ben Al-Hashemi Al-Mrahi.

He considered the success of the new established Emirate to have been removing the corruption inherited from the Turks, working to change the old relations and unifying the Algerian people.

And so in justice and security, people lived peacefully under the flag of a popular national emirate, crime vanished and calm returned after the chaos that had followed the fall of Turkish rule in Algeria.