Emperor Jing of Han

Emperor Jing managed to crush the revolt and princes were thereafter denied rights to appoint ministers for their fiefs.

This move helped to consolidate central power which paved the way for the long reign of his son Emperor Wu of Han.

He continued his father Emperor Wen's policy of general non-interference with the people, reduced tax and other burdens, and promoted government thrift.

Because of her influence, Emperor Jing largely continued his father's policy of non-interference with the people and reduction of tax and other burdens.

However, one immediate issue confronting Emperor Jing was the power possessed by princes of collateral lines of the imperial clan.

Emperor Jing already had an inimical relationship with his cousin-once-removed (a nephew of his grandfather Emperor Gaozu) Liu Pi (劉濞), the prince of the wealthy Principality of Wu (modern southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, southern Anhui, and northern Jiangxi), which enjoyed, among other natural resources, abundant copper and salt supplies.

Wu and Chu, unable to capture Liang quickly and realizing that their supplies were dwindling, headed northeast to attack Zhou.

When Princess Piao wanted to end this dispute by giving her daughter Chen Jiao as wife to Prince Rong, Consort Li refused.

[15] Princess Piao, seeing the precarious state that she would be in if Consort Li became empress dowager one day, carried out an alternative plan.

She gave Chen Jiao as wife to Liu Che, the son of Emperor Jing's other favorite concubine, Wang Zhi, the Prince of Jiaodong.

In 148 BC, he was accused of intruding onto the grounds of his grandfather Emperor Wen's temple when building the walls to his palace.

Prince Wu, because of his contributions to the victory during the Rebellion of the Seven States, was further given privilege to use imperial ceremonies and colors.

This was favored by the empress dowager Dou as well, but opposed by the minister Yuan Ang, who believed such a move would bring instability to dynastic succession.

Emperor Jing was extremely angry and sent many investigators to Liang to track down the conspirators, whom Prince Wu eventually surrendered.

Emperor Jing, afraid of offending his mother and still affectionate for his brother, pardoned Prince Wu but no longer considered him as possible heir.

[citation needed] The late reign of Emperor Jing was marked by an incident for which he was much criticized: the death of Zhou Yafu, who had been instrumental in the victory against the Seven States.

As prime minister, Zhou offended nearly every powerful figure around Emperor Jing, in particular his brother Prince Liu Wu and his mother Empress Dowager Dou (for refusing to save Liang first when Liang was sieged by the combined forces of Wu and Chu), and his wife Empress Wang and her brother Wang Xin (王信), whom Emperor Jing wanted to make a marquess but whose candidacy Zhou rebuffed.

However, it is also apparent from his actions that he lacked the warmth and openness his father had, and in many ways his reign was marked by political intrigue and treachery.

'[18] Emperor Jing can also be credited for furthering the study of Taoist text after he recognized the Tao Te Ching as a Chinese classic during his rule.

A description of Emperor Jing at the entrance of the on-site museum at Han Yang Ling
Yangling mausoleum miniature pottery infantry (foreground) and cavalry (background); in 1990, when the tomb complex of Emperor Jing of Han ( r . 157–141 BC) and his wife Empress Wang Zhi (d. 126 BC) was excavated north of Yangling , over 40,000 miniature pottery figures were unearthed. All of them were one-third life size, smaller than the 8,000-some fully life size soldiers of the Terracotta Army buried alongside the First Emperor of Qin . Smaller miniature figurines, on average 60 centimeters (24 in) in height, have also been found in various royal Han tombs where they were placed to guard the deceased tomb occupants in their afterlife. [ 9 ]
Servant and adviser from lower or middle class, Yangling
Tomb figures from the Yangling Mausoleum of Han
Tomb figures in the Yangling Mausoleum of Han at Xianyang, near Xi'an
As depicted in Portraits of Famous Men , housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art