The attempt ultimately failed, set back the republican cause by several years, and led China into a period of fracture and conflict among various local warlords.

Although Yuan Shikai strongly denied it, the statement that "republicanism is not suitable for China's national conditions" gradually spread in society.

On 3 August, Professor Goodnow, an American constitutional consultant arranged for Yuan Shikai by Charles Eliot, the former president of Harvard University who was familiar with Chinese affairs, published "The Republic and the Prince", stating: "...most The people's intelligence is not very noble...The change from autocracy to a republic is such a sudden move that it is difficult to expect good results...The issue of presidential succession has not been resolved...someday or This kind of problem leads to disasters, if it is not extinguished immediately, or it may be tamed to the point of destroying China's independence...

"[1] On 19 August 1915, Yang Du joined forces with Sun Yujun, Li Xiehe, Hu Ying, Liu Shipei and Yan Fu to establish a preparatory committee, stating that "Republicanism does not apply to China."

However, the Preparatory Committee published a large number of articles supporting the implementation of a constitutional monarchy.

"[2] In addition, Yuan Shikai received the "National Protector Envoy Encouraging Jin to Proclaim Emperor", which was signed by governors of all provinces in the country, including Yunnan representatives Cai E and Tang Jiyao, who later launched a war to protect the country against Yuan Shikai.

Determine the fundamental status...The "Preparatory Committee" established on 23 August convened provincial civil and military officials and chambers of commerce to Beijing to discuss state affairs.

At about 11 o'clock in the morning, the representatives of the provinces requested Yuan Shikai to be the emperor of the Chinese Empire for the first time.

On 12 December, Yuan accepted the second recommendation from the representatives, but said hypocritically:[6]Secondly, the establishment of Hongji is a heavy matter.

[4] After Yuan Shikai was installed as the second Provisional Great President of the Republic of China established by Sun Yat-sen, he took various steps to consolidate his power and remove opposition leaders from office.

Yuan ceremonially declined, but "relented" and immediately agreed when the National Assembly petitioned again that day.

[citation needed] The Aisin Gioro family of the Qing dynasty, then living in the Forbidden City, were officially reported as "approving" of Yuan's accession as emperor, and even as proposing a "royal marriage" of Yuan's daughter to the former Qing Emperor Puyi.

Seeing the Hongxian Emperor's weakness and unpopularity, foreign powers withdrew their support (but did not choose sides in the war).

The Empire of Japan first threatened to invade, then committed to overthrowing the Hongxian Emperor and recognised both sides of the conflict to be "in a state of war" and allowed Japanese citizens to help the Republicans.

[8] Faced with universal opposition, the emperor repeatedly delayed the accession rites to appease his foes.

However, the central authority of the Beijing government was significantly weakened and the demise of Yuan's Empire plunged China into a period of warlordism.

中華雄立宇宙間， 廓八埏， 華冑來從崑崙巔， 江河浩盪山綿連， 勳華揖讓開堯天， 億萬年。 China heroically stands in the Universe, Extends to the Eight Corners, The glorious descendants from Kunlun Peak.

The era of Yao and Shun (堯天舜日) is a four-character idiom which means times of peace and prosperity.