He extended the concept of the "royal family" beyond previous rulers by not only granting titles to his descendants, but also publicly presenting them as royalty.

He died in the 9th (according to Ian Shaw), 11th (according to Dodson) or 12th (according to Vivienne Gae Callender) year of his reign, after having settled the borders of Egypt.

[4][5][6][3] Ramesses II expanded the Egyptian military by adding a new division ("Mesha") called "Set" in the new capital.

However, there is a relatively high degree of agreement between sources when it comes to placing events in specific years of a monarch's reign.

Seti II's overthrow seems to have been effective in the Thebaid region, as some workers in Deir el-Medina were killed in the transfer of power, according to surviving documents.

[3] Amenmesse's control of Egypt began about five months after Merneptah's death, starting near the second cataract but not yet reaching Abu Simbel.

Initially, Amenmesse's progress was slow, with Seti II still in charge of Amada early in the second year of his reign.

The progress is evidenced by the monuments and stelae erected in these regions, which gradually ceased under Seti, indicating his waning authority.

[3] Seti II is thought to have been based at Per-Rameses, near Avaris, during his years fighting Amenmesse and after the loss of Fayyum.

Seti's power base was originally in the north, while Amenmesse held sway in the south of Thebes, and possibly extending into Nubia.

[5] On the other hand, Callender states that Siptah's father remains unknown, but the change of his name from Rameses-Siptah to Merneptah-Siptah suggests a direct link to Merneptah.

Historical sources cited by Ian Shaw mention Bay's role in placing Tausret on the throne previously held by her father.

Bay, of possible Canaanite origin, held the title of Chancellor of Egypt and was also referred to in Ugarit's diplomatic records as "Chief of the Troops of the Great King of the Land".

Artifacts from her time show Bay, Siptah and Tausret in equal stature, suggesting a power-sharing arrangement, although its nature remains unclear.

[4][5][8][10][6] Joyce Tyldesley notes that in ancient Egypt, men and women of similar social status were considered equal under the law.

However, men generally had the dominant role within their households, while women had the ability to own, buy, sell and inherit property, differing from practices in later medieval Europe and other regions.

[6] When it came to inheriting the throne, while it was not unheard of for women to become pharaohs, it remained a rare occurrence, indicating a de facto preference for male succession.

It is noteworthy that one of the contenders for the throne was a female pharaoh who, despite this preference for males, ruled successfully for a considerable number of years.

The subsequent records of the 20th Dynasty indicate that there was turmoil in the land and that Setnakhte eventually came to power and expelled the foreign invaders.

[12] Setnakhte's motivation for seizing power may have been related to Tausret's identification with her late husband after the death of Siptah in the sixth year of his reign in 1191 BC.

It is also believed that the transition from Tausret's rule to Setnakhte's was direct, without a power vacuum or interregnum during which Irsu might have exercised control.

Setnakhte regarded Seti II as the last legitimate pharaoh, and this transition is thought to have been violent, although the exact sequence of events remains unknown.

[3] By Ramesses III's death Egypt's Great Power status had come to an end and the start of a long collapse begun.

[15] His father Setnakhte and later Ramesses III played key roles in leading New Kingdom Egypt during the Bronze Age collapse.

Whether Canaan played a role in the Egyptian civil wars is unknown, but as the southern Canaanite cities were vassals of Egypt during the 19th Dynasty, they were probably affected by this master-client relationship.

Eric H. Cline discusses the various causes, such as the Sea Peoples, natural disasters, warfare, famine and so on, without giving a single reason.