Energy in Ukraine

[7] Some energy infrastructure was destroyed in the Russo-Ukrainian War,[8][9] but wind farms and solar power are thought to be resilient because they are distributed.

[13] Ukraine extracts about 20 billion cubic meters of fossil gas each year, and since 2022 this has almost met demand.

[17] Over 70% of domestic gas production is extracted by UkrGasVydobuvannya,[18] a subsidiary of the state-owned company Naftogaz.

[33] The bulk of Energoatom output is sold to the government's "guaranteed buyer" to keep prices more stable for domestic customers.

[47] In 2024 the International Energy Agency (IEA) wrote about heat supply to Ukraine’s major cities.

They said that “a social tariff that safeguards a certain volume of consumption at subsidised rates, after which consumers pay a higher price, would help to incentivise efficient practices and investments, supported by public information campaigns that advise on energy efficiency measures for immediate impact as well as longer-term gains.

Lowering the default temperature for district heating can also provide quick savings.”[48] Ukraine signed a loan agreement in-principle for $3.65 billion with the China Development Bank in 2012, during President Viktor Yanukovich's term of office, contingent on the development of agreed projects in the coal and gas sectors.

However, by 2017 Ukraine had not agreed any suitable projects due to a "lack of convergence in the positions of [Uglesintezgaz] and the energy ministry".

[50][need quotation to verify] The European Investment Bank is financing municipal district heating and energy efficiency projects.

[52] In the winter of 2022–23 Russia targeted switchyards and transformers, but the following year they concentrated on power plants perhaps because they are harder to protect and take longer to repair.