Personal exonyms are typically limited to regnal names such as popes (John Paul II) and monarchs (Charles V); less commonly, well-known historical authors (John Calvin, for French Jean Calvin) are referred to by exonyms.
The following is a list of countries and territories whose names in local languages differ from their (non-local) English ones.
Some of the apparent "exonyms" for China are the result of change in romanization of Chinese to modern pinyin, for example "Tientsin" to "Tianjin".
Other apparent exonyms are the result of the English name being based on one of the other varieties of Chinese besides Mandarin.
Additionally, certain names which may now be considered exonyms actually preserve older Mandarin pronunciations which have changed in the intervening centuries.
Lop Nur (珠穆朗玛峰) Historically, English-language sources used German names for many places in what is now the Czech Republic.
[14] This list does not include German place names with ß written with "ss" or umlauts being removed in some writing.
The exonym for Greece in English comes from Magna Graecia, which was a historical region in Italy colonized by the Greeks.
The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations, or phonetic renderings, of Irish language names.
Modern Israeli transcription systems (romanization of Hebrew) vary from the spellings of many hundreds of place names of Ancient Israel adopted by Bible translations - both Christian, such as the King James Version (1611) and also Jewish versions such as the JPS (1917).
[16] An older variant of the country's name in English uses the definite article, the Laos, which is now obsolete.
Civaṉaṭipātam (சிவனடிபாதம்) Historically, English-language sources borrowed French-language names for some places in German-speaking Switzerland.
[27] In June 2022, the United Nations agreed to change the country's official name in English as Türkiye at the request of the Turkish government.