He played in all grades as a dual player before lining out for the school's senior football team in the Corn Uí Mhuirí.
[2] On 10 March 2007, Cadogan was at midfield for the Limerick Institute of Technology when they faced NUI Galway in the Fitzgibbon Cup final.
On 28 November 2004, he was at midfield when Douglas defeated Youghal by 4-12 to 2-04 to win the Cork Minor Football Championship for the first time in their history.
He was praised for being "the one player on the Douglas side who was able to perform at [Nemo Rangers] standard", however, he was sent off after receiving two yellow cards in the 0-13 to 0-05 defeat.
[4] On 11 October 2009, Cadogan scored two points when Douglas defeated Ballymartle by 0-20 to 0-16 to win the Cork Premier Hurling Championship.
He made his first appearance for the Cork minor football team on 8 March 2003 when he came on as a substitute in a 2-09 to 1-09 Munster Championship defeat by Tipperary.
On 27 June he won a Munster Championship medal from right wing-back with the Cork minor hurling team after a 2-12 to 3-08 defeat of Tipperary in the final.
Cork defeated Laois by 2-10 to 0-15 with Cadogan, who was in his usual left wing-back position, winning his first All-Ireland Championship medal in any grade.
[13] Cadogan made his first National League appearance on 3 February when he lined out at left wing-back when Cork suffered a 1-12 to 2-07 defeat by Donegal.
[15] On 19 August Cadogan made his championship debut when he came on as a 69th-minute substitute for Noel O'Leary in a 1-16 to 0-09 All-Ireland semi-final defeat of Meath.
After lining out in the early rounds of the National Football League, an injury kept him out of the final game when Cork defeated Mayo by 1-17 to 0-12 to win the title on 25 April.
[24] On 11 July, Cadogan lined out in his first Munster Hurling Championship final when he was named at full-back in Cork's 2-15 apiece draw with Waterford.
In a statement released on Twitter he said: "I have taken this decision very reluctantly but after a period of reflection over the winter and a personal commitment to an education programme I will not be in a position this year to meet the demands of both codes.
[35] A week later Cadogan won a Munster Hurling Championship medal as a non-playing substitute following Cork's 2-24 to 0-24 defeat of Limerick in the last final to be played at the old Páirc Uí Chaoimh.
[45] After a few seasons without success, Cadogan and Cork qualified for the 2021 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final where they faced holders Limerick.