He was sent to college at Gallatin, Tennessee, but left school at age 17 and in 1819[2] moved to Natchez, Mississippi with an older brother.
There he obtained employment as a printer and later secured a small school in the forests of Wilkinson County, where he began and prosecuted the study of law.
In 1830, he served one session in the Mississippi House of Representatives,[2] and then persistently refused to compete for any political office.
He was an accomplished lawyer and an able and impartial jurist and enjoyed the respect and esteem of the profession to the end, regardless of party fealty.
[5] On February 25, 1868, General Alvan Cullem Gillem, who had been given post-Civil War command over a region including Mississippi, named Peyton to the state supreme court, along with Elza Jeffords and Thomas Shackelford.