Epidendrum spruceanum is an epiphytic reed-stemmed Epidendrum orchid native to the Tropical rainforest of Peru, Bolivia (including Santa Cruz and Cochabamba, where it has been found at an altitude of 0.3 km), and Brazil.

(1760); although accepted as a separate species, for example, by Kew[2] and by Dodson & Vásquez 1989,[3] it is recognized as a synonym for E. nocturnumJacq.

Epidendrum, E. spruceanum has slender stems covered by close sheathes, leaf-bearing above, and an apical inflorescence with a peduncle which is not covered at its base by any sheath other than the base of the last leaf.

In the case of E. spruceanum, the stems are rather flattened and can grow to 1 m tall, the oblong-obtuse leathery leaves grow to 12 cm long, "as large as in the largest state of E. nocturnum" according to Spruce, as reported in Reichenbach, 1861.

The inflorescence is short, completely covered by the basal sheath of the apical leaf, and produces one open flower at a time.