They were introduced in order to comply with the European Union Directive 2000/78/EC and complement similar measures on sexuality, age, disability, race and gender discrimination.

The EU Directive in turn is similar to legislation passed in the United States.

They also make it unlawful to discriminate by way of victimization, or to harass an employee on grounds of religious belief.

There are exceptions for genuine occupational requirements, for national security, and for positive discrimination for overcoming disadvantages pertaining to adherents of a religious belief or to encourage religious adherents to take advantage of work opportunities.

A special clause protects Sikhs from requirements pertaining to the wearing of safety helmets.