Typhlocyba vulneata Lugger 1896 Erythroneura gradata Robinson 1926 Erasmoneura vulnerata is a species of leafhopper native to North America.

[9] A seasonal color dimorphism occurs, with the summer population possessing a red transversal vein at the base of the first apical cell.

[10] Dorsal apodeme of aedeagus with ligaments connected to pygofer appendages; anal tube without processes.

Length 0.12, on raspberry bushes, grape vines and other situations where the foliage is dense, often in great numbers".

[12] Within their native range adults overwinter near vineyard margins where there is adequate canopy cover, inside plant structures or organic material.

[2] However, 3 peaks are recorded in nymph densities in Europe suggesting the species is capable of 3 generations a year.

[4] Exivae is commonly observed on host leaves' undersides whereas both nymph instars and adults will mainly inhabit the upper leaf surfaces.

[4] Vitis labrusca and the Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum) are also attractive host plants for the adults.

[11] Erasmoneura vulnerata is commonly found on the foliage of Vitis within vineyards in both its native and invaded range.

[4] Specific examples include Orius spp, and Chrysoperla carnea which were observed feeding on nymphs.

[4] It was also found that generalist predators Chrysoperla carnea and Orius majusculus effectively suppress E. vulnerata abundance in the field.

[17] Although information lacks about the specific behavior of E. vulnerata, assumptions can be made based on closely related species.

The subfamily Typhlocybinae, which E. vulnerata belongs to, is a diverse group of small leafhoppers that feed primarily on leaf parenchymal cell contents.

[19] For members of the genus Erasmoneura, courtship communications begins with a 3 part male vibrational signal that will always precede copulation.

[20] The most effective natural application is the use of kaolin, although it is not an insecticide, it is a clay mineral that reduces population densities by inhibiting the leafhoppers from feeding.

[8] Additionally, E. vulnerata was found to be of secondary pest status in North American vine yards that were treated to protect again the more damaging E.

[2] In its invaded range, Italy, the species was originally found to have low occurrence rates in commercial vineyards that were treated for the more harmful S.

[23] The classification of this tribe is challenging due to the fragile nature of the leaf hoppers bodies, making it difficult to analyze specific morphological features.

[11] The subfamily Typhlocybinae is monophyletic and its sister group is Mileewinae, based on analysis of both morphological features and 28s rDNA sequence data.

[18]  Results of phylogenetic analysis also supports the monophylly of the tribe Erythroneurini, which has a sister relationship the group Dikraneurini.

[18] From phylogenetic analysis it is also thought that the Erasmoneura genus is monophyletic and sister to the Erythroneura and Eratoneura clades.