He earned acclaim for starring as Bill Stechner on the crime drama Narcos (2016), Lyle Mitchell on Showtime's Escape at Dannemora (2018) which earned a nomination for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Movie/Miniseries, Lou Burke on the Netflix original series Brand New Cherry Flavor (2021), Detective Gene Holcomb on the HBO series Perry Mason (2020-2022), and Byron Stallings on the Apple TV+ series Sugar (2024) Lange's film roles include Sam Larson in the independent film AM1200 (2008), Andy Beyer in the sports drama Secretariat (2010), a cameraman in the neo-noir Nightcrawler (2014), Dr. Silverman in the comedy-drama Danny Collins (2015), Whitehurst in the neo-Western mystery Wind River (2017), Blake Denton/Him in the horror Antebellum (2020) and Ralph Seegan in the action horror Day Shift (2022).

With 2001 came a guest role in the popular series Angel, and the following year he was cast in a one-episode part in Firefly.

He has also guest starred on Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, and My Name is Earl, and from 2010 to 2013 portrayed Mr. Sikowitz, an eccentric acting teacher, on Nickelodeon's teen show Victorious.

[4] Lange also portrayed a distraught basketball coach in the ABC television show Modern Family.

[8] The year following, he appeared as Officer Smith in Fear, Inc.[9] He had a main role on the Netflix drama series Narcos as Bill Stechner, a corrupt CIA agent, which earned him recognition.

In November 2019, it was announced that Lange would appear in a main role on the Netflix horror drama miniseries Brand New Cherry Flavor.