Ernst Graf von Trautson (26 December 1633 – 7 January 1702, Vienna), actually Ernst Trautson von Falkenstein zu Sprechenstein und Schroffenstein, was an Austrian Roman Catholic clergyman who was Prince-Bishop of Vienna from 1685 to 1702.
Ernst was born the third son of Johann Franz Trautson von Falkenstein (d. 1663), Court Master in Upper Austria, Colonel-Marshal of Tyrol, commander of the Regiment of Lower Austria, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, Lord of St. Pölten, Laa, Dürnkrut, Mistelbach, Raspenbühel and Kaya,[1] and of Countess Maximiliana Walburga of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d. 1639), daughter of Johann Georg zu Hohenzollern-Hechingen.
Emperor Leopold I appointed him Prince-Bishop of Vienna on 23 March 1685, Papal confirmation taking place on 10 September.
He continued the reconstruction of churches which had been destroyed in the Turkish siege in 1683, and remodeled St. Stephen's Cathedral by commissioning new altars.
He was interested in history and heraldry and had the Trautson manuscript made, in which engraved inscriptions and armorials of the Viennese churches are featured.