Erysimum mediohispanicum is a perennial short-lived monocarpic herb found in many montane regions of eastern Spain where it is distributed between 800–2,000 m above sea level and inhabits forests, scrublands, and shrublands.

It occupies two main regions in the Iberian Peninsula, one in the north (Soria to Lleida) and the other in the south-east (Granada, Albacete, Jaén, and Almería provinces).

[3] Six of these, including E. mediohispanicum, were considered to be closely related and were reduced to subspecies of E. nevadense in Flora Europaea, a decision explained by Peter William Ball in 1990.

Flowers are visited by more than one hundred species of insects belonging to the order Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Heteroptera.

Abundant pollinators are the beetles Meligethes maurus (Nitidulidae), Dasytes subaeneus (Dasytinae), Malachius laticollis (Malachiinae) and Anthrenus sp.

(Dermestidae), the solitary bees Anthophora leucophaea (Apidae) and Halictus simplex (Halictidae), and the beeflies Bombylius spp.

Several species of sap-suckers (primarily the bugs Eurydema oleracea, E. fieberi, E. ornata, and Corimeris denticulatus) feed on the reproductive stalks during flowering and fruiting.

Erysimum mediohispanicum produce tiny seeds (less than 0.5 mg) that are autochorously (by gravity) dispersed during August and September (about 40–60 days after pollination), when the valves of the dehiscent fruits (siliquae) open due to moving vegetation, wind rain or physical contact.