The regional council's territory lies midway between Ashkelon and Beersheba, bounded on the west by the Gaza Strip while the eastern border abuts the territory of the Bnei Shimon Regional Council.

Due to its proximity to the Gaza Strip, the region has experienced numerous sporadic waves of violence, primarily as a result of rocket attacks, mortar strikes, and fires caused by incendiary kites and balloons launched from Gaza Strip.

[3][4] During the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, farmers reported massive damages to their crops due to rockets landing in open fields.

[5][6] On 26 August 2014 a mortar shell fired from Gaza killed two people and seriously wounded a third on Kibbutz Nirim, in the Eshkol Regional Council.

[7] Since 2016, the region has experienced waves of fires caused by incendiary balloons released from Gaza.