Esquiline Hill

Another view is that, during Rome's infancy, the Capitolium, the Palatinum, and the northern fringes of the Caelian were the most-populated areas of the city, whose inhabitants were considered inquilini ("in-towners"); those who inhabited the external regions – Aurelian, Oppius, Cispius, Fagutal – were considered exquilini ("suburbanites").

According to Livy, the settlement on the Esquiline was expanded during the reign of Servius Tullius, Rome's sixth king, in the 6th century BC.

At the Oppius, Nero (37 AD–68 AD) confiscated property to build his extravagant, mile-long Golden House,[3] and later still Trajan (53–117) constructed his bath complex, both of whose remains are visible today.

The 3rd-century Horti Liciniani, a group of gardens (including the relatively well-preserved nymphaeum formerly identified as the non-extant Temple of Minerva Medica), were probably constructed on the Esquiline Hill.

In 1781, the first known copy of the marble statue of a discus thrower – the Discobolus of Myron – was discovered on the Roman property of the Massimo family, the Villa Palombara, on the Esquiline Hill.