The Cumberland darter (Etheostoma susanae) is a rare species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches.

On the male, these markings fade during the breeding season and the fish becomes darker in color.

[3] This species has been hatched and reared in captivity, then released into its natural habitat.

[4] The Cumberland darter was first formally described in 1877 by the American biologists David Starr Jordan (1851–1931) and Joseph Swain (1857–1927), with the type locality given as the Cumberland River near Pleasant View from a tributary of the Clear Fork in Whitley County, Kentucky.

[5] The specific name honors Mrs Susan Bowen Jordan, the wife of D.S.