Eucalyptus pilularis, commonly known as blackbutt,[2] is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia.

It has rough, finely fibrous greyish bark on the lower half of the trunk, smooth white, grey or cream-coloured bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical or shortened spherical fruit.

Young plants have stems that are more or less square in cross-section and leaves that are dull green, paler on the lower surface, sessile and mostly arranged in opposite pairs.

[2][3][4][5][6] Eucalyptus pilularis was first formally described in 1797 by James Edward Smith in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.

[7][8] The species name (pilularis) is a Latin word meaning "a small pill", referring to the shape of the fruit.

Usually seen at low to mid altitudes, though growing at 800 metres (2,600 feet) above sea level near Wauchope, where it is a dominant species.

In the higher quality forests, associate species include Sydney blue gum, tallowwood, white mahogany, grey ironbark, red mahogany, coast grey box, brush box and turpentine.

[9] A significant commercial species, blackbutt is well regarded by foresters for the high quality of timber, easy regeneration and quick growth.

Uses include making poles, railway sleepers, flooring, building framework, cladding, joinery, lining boards, furniture, woodchipping and decking.