Euphorbia caducifolia is a subtropical succulent species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae.

E. caducifolia resembles the leafy milk hedge (Euphorbia nivulia) but differs in having multiple stems, and smaller, more transitory leaves.

[2] Euphorbia caducifolia has a rather limited distribution in the Thar Desert in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, on the boundary between India and Pakistan.

[1] This is an area of sandy hills and shifting sand dunes, with clumps of thorny vegetation, low trees, grasses and scrub.

[3] In southern Rajasthan, many of the hills are well-clad with vegetation, and there, Euphorbia caducifolia is associated with Butea monosperma, Millettia pinnata, Syzygium hyrianium, Wrightia tinctoria and Ziziphus nummularia.