[2] At least ten lawsuits challenging the executive order have been brought by various plaintiffs, including 22 U.S. state attorneys general, civil liberties and immigrants rights groups, and pregnant women.

"[8][9] On February 6, 2025, Coughenour granted a preliminary injunction enjoining enforcement of the order, while accusing Trump of circumventing or ignoring the rule of law for personal or political gain.

[3] A second lawsuit was filed in a Maryland federal court by immigrant and asylum-seeker rights groups CASA and the Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project on behalf of five pregnant women.

[10] On February 5, US District Judge Deborah Boardman issued a nationwide preliminary injunction, saying the order "conflicts with the plain language of the 14th Amendment, contradicts 125-year old binding Supreme Court precedent and runs counter to our nation’s 250-year history of citizenship by birth" and was "likely to be found unconstitutional.

[12] The executive order was challenged in court by the American Civil Liberties Union and the Asian Law Caucus in the case New Hampshire Indonesian Community Support v.