Expulsion, also known as dismissal, withdrawal, or permanent exclusion (British English), is the permanent removal or banning of a student from a school, school district, college, university, or TAFE due to persistent violation of that institution's rules, or in extreme cases, for a single offense of marked severity.
The practice of pressuring parents to voluntarily withdraw their child from an educational institution, termed off-rolling in the UK, is comparable to expulsion.
[2] Certain disabilities, such as autism and ADHD, also increases the risk of expulsion,[3] despite the fact that this constitutes unlawful discrimination in many jurisdictions.
[4] In Ireland, a school must notify the local Educational Welfare Officer before expelling a student; they will then try and find a solution.
Students were more likely to be excluded or expelled if they were male, of Maori or Pacific Island descent, and/or attended a school with a low (1–4) socioeconomic decile.
Though the teaching staff may recommend a pupil to be expelled, only the headteacher is legally empowered to exclude a student; he or she is not permitted to delegate that power to another person, but if he or she is ill or otherwise unable to perform his or her duties, another staff member may become the acting headteacher and inherit the power to expel students.
[20] For a single case of one of the following, a pupil can be permanently excluded for: If a student has previous disciplinary records of violating other school rules and regulations, that too could result in expulsion.
The parents of an excluded pupil are entitled to appeal against expulsion or an exclusion exceeding five days to a panel of school governors acting as a court.
The panel considers oral, written, or physical evidence from the school detailing the case for expulsion, and from the parents of the excluded pupil.
There are a number of projects that provide free legal representation to pupils who are appealing against their permanent exclusions from school.
The institution cited in letters detailing the reasons for permanent exclusions is the Coram Children's Legal Centre.
[26] Historically, bannimus (Latin: "we banish") was the form of expulsion of any individual from the University of Oxford, by putting the proctorial edict up in some public place, as a denunciation or promulgation of it.
[28] (Note: California statute has been indirectly invalidated by the Supreme Court in FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc.
[34] The Task Force on the Education of Maryland's American Males noted that high suspension and expulsion rates do little more than increase court referrals for minor misbehavior, and those actions put a child on the path toward delinquency or accelerates his journey there.
[33] Students who have been expelled from a building in primary and secondary schools are given an option to attend class at an alternate location.
In some states, such as Wisconsin, other public school districts are not required to enroll students who are currently serving a term of expulsion.
Generally, as long as a private school follows the procedures in its student handbook, a court will not view its actions as arbitrary and capricious.