Since the beginning of Dadaism in the Cabaret Voltaire, Zürich in 1916, many artists have experimented with extreme performance art as a critique of contemporary consumer culture.
Some have used bodily fluids such as blood, faeces and urine.
[1] In the 1960s and 1970s extreme performance was elevated to a movement with the Viennese actionists.
In recent times there has been a resurgence in extreme performance as a response to the increasing alienation some artists feel in the face of today's technological advances.
Some contemporary artists using extreme performance include: