Ezekiel Silas Sampson (December 6, 1831 – October 7, 1892) was a lawyer, prosecutor, Civil War officer, judge, and two-term Republican Congressman from Iowa's 6th congressional district.

Born in Huron County, Ohio, Sampson moved to Keokuk County, Iowa, in 1843 where he attended public schools as a child.

He later attended Howe’s Academy and Knox College, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1856, commencing practice in Sigourney, Iowa.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Sampson enlisted in the Union Army as a captain in the 5th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment in 1861 and was later promoted to lieutenant colonel of the same regiment, serving as so until he was mustered out of service in 1864.

Sampson resumed practicing law until his death in Sigourney on October 7, 1892.