[2] He was educated at Saint-Rémy college in Toulouse, then studied at the faculty of Law, and began his career in Paris.

[2] Barthe soon became known by the Liberal party when he spoke at the funeral of a young man named Lallemand who was killed by a royal guard in June 1820 while shouting "Long Live the Charter" during a riot in the Place de la Concorde.

He pleaded before the Chamber of Deputies for the Journal du Commerce, guilty of having discussed the elections too freely, which received a minimum sentence.

[1] Barthe took an active part in the July Revolution of 1830, in the protest of the journalists and the work of the Municipal Committee, and was then appointed prosecutor at the Civil Court of the Seine.

Barthe entered the cabinet of Jacques Laffitte on 27 December 1830, replacing Joseph Mérilhou at the Ministry of Public Education.

On 15 April 1837 he joined the cabinet of Louis Mathieu Molé, holding office until 31 March 1839.

He sometimes spoke in the house, in particular in an address on 6 March 1861 supporting the maintenance of Rome as the temporal seat of the Holy See, the basis of the independence of its spiritual authority.