The university emphasizes scientific and technological development and research, contributing significantly to the academic landscape of the region.

Fırat University traces its origins to the Elazığ Technical College, which was established in 1967.

It was later renamed the Elazığ State Academy of Engineering and Architecture before being officially established as Fırat University in 1975.

The university's foundation was built around the School of Veterinary Medicine, which became its core program and structure.

The School of Veterinary Medicine itself was founded in 1970 as a branch of Ankara University in Elazığ.