F1 (classification)
[1][3] In 2002, USA Track & Field defined this class as, "These athletes have no hand function, are unable to use the muscles that straighten their elbows, and their hands remain in contact or close to the pushing rim with the power coming from their elbow flexion.
Neurological level: C6"[4] Disabled Sports USA defined the functional definition of this class in 2003 as, "Have no grip with non-throwing arm.
)"[3] Sports recommended for people in this class include swimming, billiards, shooting and bowls.
[6] The location of lesions on different vertebrae tend to be associated with disability levels and functionality issues.
[7] Disabled Sports USA defined the anatomical definition of this class in 2003 as, "Have functional elbow flexors and wrist dorsi-flexors.
[5] The location of lesions on different vertebrae tend to be associated with disability levels and functionality issues.
[8] People with C5 can perform some actions with one of their arms, and can propel a wheelchair with modified rims that make it easier to do.
[5] In terms of motor functions, people in this class who are C4-C6 tetraplegics may have issues with their biceps, deltoids, rhomboids and rotor cuffs.
[12] People with spinal injuries at T6 or higher are more likely to develop Autonomic dysreflexia (AD).
The condition causes over-activity of the autonomic nervous system, and can suddenly onset when people are playing sports.
Some of the symptoms include nausea, high blood pressure, a pounding headache, flushed face, profuse sweating, a lower heart rate or a nasal congestion.
Players in some sports like wheelchair rugby are encouraged to be particularly on guard for AD symptoms.
[16][17] From the 1950s to the early 2000s, wheelchair sport classification was handled International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF).
[23] The International Paralympic Committee manages classification for a number of spinal cord injury and wheelchair sports including alpine skiing, biathlon, cross country skiing, ice sledge hockey, powerlifting, shooting, swimming, and wheelchair dance.
The group most likely to try to cheat at classification were wheelchair basketball players with complete spinal cord injuries located at the high thoracic transection of the spine.
[1][3] Field events open to this class have included club and discus,[1][3] but not the javelin.
[35] In the United States, people in this class are allowed to use strapping on the non-throwing hand as a way to anchor themselves to the chair.
It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 1A (SP1, SP2) and 1B (SP3) in the club throw.
It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 1A (SP1, SP2) and 1B (SP3) in the club throw.
It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 1A (SP1, SP2), 1B (SP3) and 1C (SP3, SP4) in the club throw.
[36] Competitors from this class compete in H1 provided they are tetraplegia C6 or above and severe athetosis/ataxia/dystonia, tetraplegic with impairments corresponding to a complete cervical lesion at C6 or above or have a similar dysfunction.
[9][37][38][39] People in this class can use an AP2 recumbent, which is a competition cycle that is reclined at 30 degrees and has a rigid frame.
This classification can also use an AP3 hand cycle which is inclined at 0 degrees and is reclined on a rigid competition frame.
[40] Tetraplegics have reduced respiration rates of 55–59% less compared to paraplegics when they are engaged in rigorous handcycling.
[5][42] People with spinal cord injuries in S1 tend to be tetraplegics with complete lesions below C5.
They normally swim the backstroke as they lack head control to breathe effectively for the freestyle.
1A and 1B are combined, competing as Category C.[6] A sport open to people in this class is archery.
[8] In 1991, the first internationally accepted adaptive rowing classification system was established and put into use.
[51] One of the standard means of assessing functional classification is the bench test, which is used in swimming, lawn bowls and wheelchair fencing.
The sixth test measures the trunk extension involving the lumbar and dorsal muscles while leaning forward at a 45 degree angle.
