F5 (classification)
They do not have functional hip movement, so do not have the ability to lift the thigh upward in sitting.
[1][2] The location of lesions on different vertebrae tend to be associated with disability levels and functionality issues.
[4] Disabled Sports USA defined the anatomical definition of this class in 2003 as, "Normal upper limb function.
They cannot have functional hip flexors, i.e. ability to lift the thigh upwards in the sitting position.
[10][11] From the 1950s to the early 2000s, wheelchair sport classification was handled International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF).
[17] The International Paralympic Committee manages classification for a number of spinal cord injury and wheelchair sports including alpine skiing, biathlon, cross country skiing, ice sledge hockey, powerlifting, shooting, swimming, and wheelchair dance.
The group most likely to try to cheat at classification were wheelchair basketball players with complete spinal cord injuries located at the high thoracic transection of the spine.
[1][2] Field events open to this class have included shot put, discus and javelin.
[2] F5 athletes throw from a seated position, and use a javelin that weighs .6 kilograms (1.3 lb).
It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the shot put.
It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the shot put.
It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 3 and 4 in the shot put.
Currently, people with a complete spinal cord injury at T12 level or incomplete at T10 compete in AS.
[31][32] In 1991, the first internationally accepted adaptive rowing classification system was established and put into use.
[34] Swimming classification is done based on a total points system, with a variety of functional and medical tests being used as part of a formula to assign a class.
Part of this test involves the Adapted Medical Research Council (MRC) scale.
[36] S5 swimmers with spinal cord injuries tend to be complete paraplegics with lesions below T1 to T8, or incomplete tetraplegics below C8 who have decent trunk control.
Because they have minimal trunk control, their hips tend to be a bit lower in the water and they have leg drag.
[36] S6 swimmers with spinal cord injuries tend to be complete paraplegics with lesions below T9 to L1 and where their leg function does not assist them in swimming.
S6 swimmers of this type have effect arm cycling and can use their hands and fingers to gain propulsion during the catch phase.
This system used some muscle testing to determine which class incomplete paraplegics should be classified in.
Class III for people with lesions at T6-T10 and have fair balance were worth 1 point.
The system was designed to keep out people with less severe spinal cord injuries, and had no medical basis in many cases.
[37] In 1982, wheelchair basketball finally made the move to a functional classification system internationally.
While the traditional medical system of where a spinal cord injury was located could be part of classification, it was only one advisory component.
People in this class do not have more than 70 points for functionality, have normal arm pitch for throwing and use a wheelchair.
[46] One of the standard means of assessing functional classification is the bench test, which is used in swimming, lawn bowls and wheelchair fencing.
[44] During functional and medical classification, a number of tests may be run for people in this class.
For the trunk rotation test, people in this class are expected to have abdominal function.
The sixth test measures the trunk extension involving the lumbar and dorsal muscles while leaning forward at a 45 degree angle.
