Falkes de Bréauté

[2] His "heraldic device" is now popularly said to have been a griffin,[3] although his coat of arms as depicted by Matthew Paris (died 1259) in his Chronica Majora (folio 64/68 verso) was Gules, a cinquefoil argent.

[3] The house stood on approximately 31 acres (13 ha) in the royal manor of Kennington; it was the centre of tension between the Archbishop at Lambeth Palace and the monks of Canterbury, who tried to influence the election of English bishops.

[6] Bréauté rose to power during the First Barons' War as an unquestioning subject of King John, earning the hatred of baronial and monastic leaders alike.

He was holding seven High Sheriffdoms including Cambridgeshire, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire he presented a major obstacle to Louis and the barons, although he lost Hertford and Cambridge in 1217.

On 22 January 1217 de Bréauté and his men had committed their worst atrocity, attacking St Albans because it had come to terms with Prince Louis, although it had done so under duress.

Due to his role in the campaign and the victory at Lincoln itself he was unassailable for many years; he deflected judgements made against him in 1218 and 1219 and kept hold of his High Sheriffdoms, including that of Rutland.

Between 1218 and 1219 he also served as a Justice of the Peace for Essex, Hertfordshire and East Anglia, and when William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon died he was given the castle of Plympton.

[citation needed] He had made many enemies due to his actions during the war; numbered among them were William Marshal, who pawned four manors to him during the war and had difficulty getting them back, and the Earl of Salisbury, who grew to dislike him after de Bréauté supported Nicola de la Haie for constable of Lincoln Castle against Salisbury's personal preference.

A new civil war was averted by the intervention of Simon Langton, Archbishop of York, but after a parley in London on 4 December failed tensions rose again.

De Bréauté refused to give the castles up, and in response the royal court sent justices to his land with a fake charge of Breach of the Peace.

[4] Arriving in Normandy he was imprisoned by Louis VIII in Compiègne as revenge for his defeat of the French forces during the war, but was released in 1225 either through the intervention of the pope or through his Crusader's Badge, assumed in 1221.

After release he spent several months in Rome, and published a fourteen-page defence of his actions, the querimonia, which laid the blame at the feet of Langton and de Burgh, and begged the pope to support him as a man excommunicated without cause and as a crusader.

After this he lived in Troyes, but was expelled from France in 1226 for refusing to pay homage to the king, and again stayed in Rome, dying slightly before 18 July 1226, allegedly from a poisoned fish.

In 1905, seeking to build a dedicated factory for car manufacture on cheaper land with room for expansion, the firm relocated to a new site in Luton, Bedfordshire.

[3] The house stood on approximately 31 acres (13 ha) in the royal manor of Kennington; it was the centre of tension between the Archbishop at Lambeth Palace and the monks of Canterbury, who tried to influence the election of English bishops.

Copy of the 13th-century tomb effigy of King Henry III in Westminster Abbey , under whom Falkes de Bréauté served.
Model of how Bedford Castle may have looked. The River Great Ouse is on the left. The model predates archaeological excavations in 2007–8, which revealed the outlines of some of the main structures in the inner bailey (on the left here), including the great hall . The position of the main gate is unclear.