Farewell Pilgrimage

On the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the Day of Arafah, Muhammad delivered the Farewell Sermon atop the Mount Arafat outside Mecca.

Muhammad had lived in Medina for ten years since the Hijrah and had not partaken in any Hajj pilgrimage, although he had performed the Umrah on two previous occasions.

[1] Before leaving for Mecca, Muhammad stayed at the Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah and taught the Muslims the manner of wearing Ihram.

[2][3][4][5] Spending the night at Dhi Tuwa outside Mecca, Muhammad and his companions arrived at the Masjid al-Haram the next day.

After his prayers, Muhammad drank from the Zamzam well, prayed, and then continued to the hills of As Safa and Al Marwah, where he performed the ritual walking between the two mountains (sa'ee).

[5] On the sunset of the 8th of Dhu al-Hijjah, Muhammad left for Mina and performed all prayers from Zuhr to Fajr, before leaving for Mount Arafat the next morning, walking alongside his camel.

[2] According to Al Mubarakpuri, verse 3 of Surah 5, Al Ma'idah, was revealed to Muhammad after having delivered this sermon:[5] This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.Upon sunset of the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, Muhammad arrived at Muzdalifah and performed his Maghrib and Isha prayer before taking rest.