Feargus B. Squire

He is well known in the petroleum industry for introducing a number of innovations, such as the tanker truck and door-to-door delivery of refined oil, and for financing a breakthrough in the mining of sulfur.

[5] Continuing his education at night with private tutors,[2] Squire worked his way up from refinery worker to kerosene dealer and then bookkeeper.

But Squire shipped 10 tank cars, each containing 100 barrels of oil, from Petroleum Center, Pennsylvania, to Detroit, Michigan, and proved him wrong.

[15] In March, just after he had taken up his duties, oil refiner George Rice accused Squire, Standard Oil vice president Frank Rockefeller, and Oklahoma businessman Charles N. Haskell (later the first Governor of Oklahoma) of attempting to bribe a clerk in the firm of Scofield, Shurmer & Teagle (Squire's old petroleum company) in order to learn that company's financial secrets.

John D. Rockefeller moved the company's operational headquarters to New York City, downgrading the Cleveland office to a mere refining and distribution center.

Frank Rockefeller, angry at the corporate shift, was increasingly shunted aside by John in favor of Squire, who became much more involved in Standard Oil's decision making structure.

[18] By 1892, Squire also owned stock in Standard Oil,[19] although due to the tight control exercised by the Rockefeller family[20] he had only a single share.

[23] Standard Oil originally consisted of 39 companies[24] (some local, others statewide, regional, or national in scope) closely owned by just 37 stockholders.

[35] Monnette convinced the Supreme Court of Ohio to establish a special commissioner, who had the power to subpoena witnesses and documents, take testimony, and issue a report on the status of the Trust's liquidation.

Squire refused on three grounds: (1) The demand was an unreasonable search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution; (2) The books and ledgers could be used to indict the Trust under the laws of Ohio; and (3) Providing the books and ledgers would amount to self-incrimination, violating the Fifth Amendment's prohibition on self-incrimination.

In December 1899, Monnette claimed that, in the original case against Standard Oil, Squire, Haskell, and Frank Rockefeller had offered Attorney General Watson a $500,000 bribe to cease all litigation against the trust.

[42][43] Monnette's successor, John M. Sheets, dismissed the state of Ohio's antitrust suits against the Standard Oil Trust.

In November 1906, the United States Department of Justice brought suit under the Sherman Antitrust Act against the Standard Oil Trust, accusing it of unfair monopolistic business practices.

The accusations included forcing railroads to deny rebates to other refiners, operating wholly owned subsidiaries as if they were independent companies, predatory pricing, bribery, intimidation, and industrial espionage.

Before court's special master, Squire testified that, to his knowledge, no bribes had ever been offered or paid by Standard Oil or its subsidiaries.

Squire claimed that Standard Oil had "not advertised" the fact of its ownership in order to retain the goodwill these companies had.

[47] The federal district court ruled on November 20, 1909, that the Standard Oil Trust was in clear violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Chemical engineer Herman Frasch was hard at work on a process to remove sulfur from sour crude oil.

Squire and Rockefeller invested heavily in the process, and in exchange received 30 percent of the profits generated by the patent's licensing.

[56] In 1895, the other two major investors, B.F. Bower and George H. Robertson, sold their interest in the Daily World to Robert P. Porter, former owner of the New York Press.

[63] In 1901, he helped finance and incorporate the Semi-Steel Co. of Chagrin Falls, Ohio, which manufactured streetcar equipment, brakes, and small steel castings.

)[71] Feargus Squire and his wife, Louisa, spent 1909 and 1910 touring Europe, the Middle East, China, Japan, Micronesia, Polynesia, and Melanesia.

This was his primary residence, and Euclid Avenue was known as "Millionaire's Row" due to the large number of mansions built there by wealthy men.

This home was built in 1875 by Liberty E. Holden, a real estate investor and owner of The Plain Dealer newspaper.

The structure, which was exceedingly rustic (lacking running water, electricity, natural gas, or sewer) was completed about 1897.

Squire abandoned plans for a manor house after encountering difficulty obtaining building materials and labor.

[76] After the Squires' return to the United States in late 1910, they moved permanently to Cobblestone Garth from Euclid Avenue.

[citation needed] Although Cobblestone Garth itself was torn down at a later date, the rubble masonry border wall, gatehouse, and a distinctive lighthouse-like structure remained intact into the 21st century.

Herman Frasch in 1918. Squire funded his sulfur mining efforts, a landmark in the history of sulfur production.
"Squire's Castle", built about 1897 by Feargus B. Squire.
Looking northeast at Cobblestone Garth in 1904.