Federacy

The autonomous subunits are often former colonial possessions or are home to a different ethnic group from the rest of the country.

Since then, opposition by several organizations have protested these actions to the United Nations to include the island on its list of "non-self-governing territories".

The Parliament of Åland (Lagtinget) handles duties that in other provinces are exercised by state provincial offices of the central government.

Åland sends one representative to the Finnish parliament, and is a member of the Nordic Council (independently of Finland).

Defence and diplomatic affairs are responsibilities of France, but some overseas parts do participate in some international organisations directly.

The Kashmir state was ruled by a Hindu king Maharaja Hari Singh but the majority of its population was Muslim.

On 20 November 2001, the Mauritius National Assembly unanimously adopted two laws giving Rodrigues autonomy, creating a decentralised government system.

This new legislation has allowed the implementation of a regional assembly in Rodrigues constituting 18 members and an executive council headed by a Chief Commissioner.

The Chief Commissioner has the main task of informing the Mauritian Prime Minister of the management of the island's concerns.

In 1994 Gagauzia, a territory in the southern part of the Republic of Moldova inhabited by the Gagauz people, an ethnic group distinct from the majority Moldovans, was given autonomy including "the right of external self-determination".

However, the eastern part of Moldova is an internationally unrecognized breakaway republic (Transnistria) which is de facto self-governing.

Each of the four countries have separate constitutions, governments and parliaments, but Aruba alone has its own national currency and Central Bank.

Dutch nationals related to these territories are fully European citizens; however, Dutch-Caribbean citizens residing in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten are normally not entitled to vote in Dutch elections, but can vote in elections for the European Parliament.

Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten are overseas countries and territories (OCTs), listed under Annex II of the EC Treaty.

Cook Islands also benefits from the 9th EDF (PRIP) Regional Trade and Economic Integration Programme which provides approximately €9 million to assist the Region in implementing PICTA, negotiate trade agreements with developed partners (e.g. EPA), intensify links with the WTO and address supply-side constraints.

Following World War II, the peninsula was in a state of turmoil, intensified by the deportation of the Crimean Tatars, indigenous to the area, in the spring of 1944.

In summer of 1945 the peninsula was stripped of its autonomous status as its titular nationality, the Crimean Tatars, were removed and it was made a regular oblast of Russia.

The transfer represented a territorial readjustment for economic reasons between two administrative divisions of the centralized Soviet Union.

The then-leader of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev stayed in Foros during the 1991 August Putch at his "gosdacha".

In 1989 political sanctions against Crimean Tatars in the Soviet Union were lifted and they started to return to their homeland.

Although the U.S. government has full say over its foreign policy, Puerto Rico does maintain direct contacts with its Caribbean neighbors.

have been granted greater autonomy and political deference than the rest of the Spanish autonomous communities (see: nationalities and regions of Spain).

The British Overseas Territories are vested with varying degrees of power; some enjoy considerable independence from the United Kingdom, which only takes care of their foreign relations and defence.

A federacy differs from a devolved state, such as Denmark, Spain and the United Kingdom, because, in a devolved state, the central government can revoke the independence of the subunits (e.g. Scottish Parliament, National Assembly for Wales, Northern Ireland Assembly in the case of the U.K.) without changing the constitution.

He finds that "federacies" is in the end not a helpful category to understanding the types of institutional arrangements referred and recommends that scholars of comparative federalism find a more nuanced category to describe contemporary actually-existing autonomies such as Puerto Rico.

Lluch shows that federacies have little to do with federalism, and are in fact distinct status arrangements that are more properly seen as "autonomies," of which there is a wide variety.

Lluch defines Puerto Rico as a non-federal autonomy, which is officially an unincorporated territory belonging to the federal political system that is the U.S. and subject to the plenary powers of the U.S. Congress under the Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution, and states that it is not a "free-associated" state.

In particular, Lluch notes that contrary to Elazar's assertions in his 1987 and 1991 works, the power to terminate or modify the Puerto Rico–U.S.

However contrary to this definition he notes that far from having a minimum role in the government of the United States, Puerto Rico has no effective representation in Congress, except for a token representative that has no right to vote there.