The organization proclaims itself heir to the Italian Socialist Youth Federation (FGSI), a youth organization of the Italian Socialist Party initially born in Florence on 6 and 7 September 1903, re-founded after the Fascist period in 1944, by the anti-fascist militants Eugenio Colorni, Giorgio Lauchard, Matteo Matteotti, Leo Solari and Mario Zagari.
The VI Congress of the FGS was held in Rome from 11 to 13 November 2011, with Claudia Bastianelli unanimously elected National Secretary.
During the VII Congress of the FGS, held in Ravenna between 9 and 11 January 2015, Roberto Sajeva was unanimously elected new Secretary.
The latter is a historical socialist symbol, dating back even earlier to the Iron Front, an anti-fascist paramilitary organisation in Germany which opposed Hitler and his Nazi Party.
From 19 to 21 October 2018 the VIII National Congress was held in Rome, which led to the election of Enrico Maria Pedrelli as Secretary.