Femme en costume Mauresque is an oil-on-canvas painting by the 19th-century French impressionist artist Frédéric Bazille, completed in 1869.

[4] In this work, she is depicted with eroticism, dressed in North African costume, wearing only a white, translucent chemise underneath a colorful open robe.

The saber and striped kaftan on the wall behind her suggest a male presence, and the empty brass tray on the floor allude to refreshments which she may have served.

[5] In the year following the completion of this painting the Franco-Prussian War erupted and Bazille volunteered for service in a Zouave regiment in August 1870 and was sent to French North Africa for training.

This was the first time he had visited Algeria, so his imagery in Femme en costume mauresque was based on stereotyped odalisques in harems as portrayed by Eugène Delacroix, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and others, rather on any direct experience.