Ferdinand Büchner (born 13 December 1823 in Bad Pyrmont, Germany; d. 1906 in Moscow) was a German flautist and composer.
Ferdinand Büchner began studying the flute at an early age with his father, who played a leading role in the musical life of Bad Pyrmont.
In 1850 he traveled to Russia, and was intensely involved in the musical life of St. Petersburg.
In 1856 he was appointed principal flute of the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.
His excellent reputation as a soloist and teacher brought him an appointment as professor at the Moscow Conservatory of Nikolai Rubinstein.