Fernando Afán de Ribera, 3rd Duke of Alcalá de los Gazules

Fernando Afán de Ribera y Téllez-Girón (10 May 1583 in Sevilla – 28 March 1637 in Villach) was a Spanish noble and diplomat.

He was ambassador to the Holy See and vicar general of Italy during the reign of Pope Urban VIII.

A lover of art and literature, he was a patron of several artists, including Jusepe de Ribera and Artemisia Gentileschi, and he gathered an impressive art collection in his Sevillian residence, the casa de Pilatos.

He died in 1637 in Villach, on his way to Cologne on a diplomatic mission, sent by King Philip IV of Spain as Plenipotentiary to negotiate an end to the Thirty Years' War.

His remains were returned to Spain and buried in the Monastery of Santa Maria de las Cuevas.