His father was Sipahsalar Rajab, the brother of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, the founder of the dynasty, whilst his mother was a Bhatti taking origins in Abuhar, Dipalpur in the Punjab region.

[2] Firoz Shah has been accredited with the construction of numerous cities and irrigation projects and has been regarded as a great builder with the creation of Firozpur, Hisar and Fatehabad in the Punjab and Haryana regions.

[4] Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi is one of the main sources of information regarding the Sultan's background, early life and the origins of his parents.

[5] Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq sent a proposal of marriage to the Rai however he declined which led the Sultan to demand the payment of revenue for a year causing hardship to the people for three days until Bibi Naila heard the cries of her mother due to the severity caused by Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq and ultimately accepted his proposal.

Nonetheless, he worked to improve the infrastructure of the empire building canals, rest-houses and hospitals, creating and refurbishing reservoirs and digging wells.

The Gujari Mahal situated in Hisar, Haryana (built in 1354) still hums the immortal love story of Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq and his lover a native lady of the Gurjar tribe.

[13][14][15] According to the story, when one day Emperor Firoz Shah Tughlaq went out for hunting he felt thirsty in the dense forest, but there was a great shortage of water there as the land there was sandy and uneven.

He captured Cuttack, desecrated the Jagannath Temple, Puri, and forced Raja Gajpati of Jajnagar in Orissa to pay tribute.

Firoz Shah led punitive expeditions against regions such as Kangra and Jajnagar (modern Odisha), where his forces massacred thousands of Hindus, desecrated temples, and enslaved entire populations.

Firuz Shah Tughlaq married off his daughter with Raja Kailash Pal, embraced him to Islam[citation needed] and sent the couple to rule Greater Khorasan, where eleven sons known by the caste of 'badpagey' were born to the queen.

Tughlaq's reign has been described as the greatest age of corruption in medieval India: He once gave a golden tanka to a distraught soldier so that he could bribe the clerk to pass his sub-standard horse.

[29] Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign was marked by both administrative reforms and aggressive religious policies aimed at consolidating Islamic rule in India.

A devout Muslim, he is known for his efforts to enforce Sharia law, which included widespread persecution of Hindus and destruction of their religious institutions.

[30] But Firuz Shah Tughlaq renovated Surya kund in the Dakshinaarka sun temple of Gaya and acknowledged its greatness.

For day-to-day administration, Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq heavily depended on Malik Maqbul, previously commander of Warangal fort, who was captured and converted to Islam.

He brought 2 Ashokan Pillars from Meerut, and Topra near Radaur in Yamunanagar district of Haryana, carefully cut and wrapped in silk, to Delhi in bullock cart trains.

When the Qutb Minar was struck by lightning in 1368 AD, knocking off its top storey, he replaced them with the existing two floors, faced with red sandstone and white marble.